In addition to versatile physical functions, walls possess an immense amount of meaning. The basic function is physical and psychological separation. Whether they are naturally shaped or are an artifact, whether the walls are in caves, a castle, or in a city, they offer security and protection to those who reside behind them (Moore, 1979). Cognitivists would argue that the metaphorical scenario of being surrounded by a WALL is motivated by an image scheme of the CONTAINER, where the structural elements of the interior, exterior, and boundaries organize the construction of our subjective experience of being IN and OUT of certain phenomenological states (Lakoff, 1987; Johnson, 1987; Tay, 2013: 52) - the border is an insurmountable obstacle. Furthermore, general sociocultural knowledge about walls and their role as socially and historically significant structures that separated people from each other could directly motivate connecting walls with a sense of isolation, without invoking an individually embodied experience of physical restraint.

Breaking the walls down - confirms the conceptualization of WALL as an undesirable restrictive entity. But there is a solution - by placing a door on it. Structural elements INTERIOR, EXTERIOR AND BOUNDARIES are now proposed as a framework for solving the problem. It has been shown that the metaphor of the WALL is realized in language by means of a multitude of linguistic metaphors which conceptualize this WALL as a literal and metaphorical obstacle to entering another space.

“Before I built a wall I’d ask to know -/ What I was walling in or walling out, -/ And to whom I was like to give offense. -/ Something there is that doesn’t love a wall” (Frost, 1914).